In order to study the dynamic response characteristics of pile foundation under the pile-soil-fault coupling effect, four different types of seismic waves with the peak acceleration of 0.35g are selected for shaking table test. The acceleration response, relative displacement of pile top, bending moment of pile body and damage of pile foundation under different types of seismic waves are studied. The test results show that the parameters of the pile in hanging wall are obviously larger than those in the footwall of the fault, showing the hanging wall effect. The peak acceleration of pile top is greater than that of pile bottom, and the upper soil layer has filtering effect on the input seismic wave. The acceleration response of pile top has hysteresis compared with that of pile bottom. The acceleration at the top of the pile and the amplification coefficient α of the peak acceleration are the largest for the El-Centro wave. The α difference between the hanging wall and footwall is the largest for the Kobe wave. The peak values of relative displacement of pile top and bending moment of pile foundation are the largest for the Kobe wave. The bending moment of pile body is larger at the soil interface. When different types of seismic wave are applied, the peak value of bending moment of pile body does not exceed the bending capacity of pile body. It is suggested that the pile foundation of bridge near fault in strong earthquake area can be checked according to different seismic waveforms.